摸鱼儿 · 东皋寓居

买陂塘、旋栽杨柳，依稀淮岸江浦。东皋嘉雨新痕涨，沙觜鹭来鸥聚。堪爱处，最好是、一川夜月光流渚。无人独舞。任翠幄张天，柔茵藉地，酒尽未能去。青绫被，莫忆金闺故步。儒冠曾把身误。弓刀千骑成何事，荒了邵平瓜圃。君试觑，满青镜、星星鬓影今如许。功名浪语。便似得班超，封侯万里，归计恐迟暮。

注释

东皋寓居：词题。东皋指晁补之晚年居住的金乡（今属山东）归来园。陂（bēi）塘：池塘。旋：很快，不久。依稀：好像是。嘉雨：一场好雨。沙觜（zuǐ）：从水中突出和陆地相连的沙滩。渚（zhǔ）：水中的小洲（岛）。翠幄（wò）：绿色的帐子。这里指杨柳。柔茵：柔软的褥子。这里指草地。藉：铺垫。青绫被：汉朝时，尚书郎值夜班，官家给青缣白绫被褥使用。金闺：汉朝宫门的名称，又叫金马门，是学士们著作和草拟文稿的地方。此指朝廷。晁补之曾做过校书郎、著作佐郎这样的官。「儒冠曾把身误」：说读书、做官耽误了自己。杜甫《奉赠韦左丞丈二十二韵》诗有「纨袴不饿死，儒冠多误身」的句子，这里是借用。弓刀千骑（jì）：说达官贵人出行时护卫侍从很多。邵平瓜圃：邵平是秦朝的官员。秦朝灭亡后，他就做老百姓，在城外种瓜。觑（qù）：细看。「满青镜、星星鬓影今如许」：说从镜子里看到，自己的鬓髮已经白了不少。青镜：古代镜子多用青铜制成，故称青镜。星星：指头髮花白的样子。如许：这么多。浪语：空话，废话。「便似得班超，封侯万里，归计恐迟暮」：说像班超那样，虽然做了高官，回归故乡时已经年岁老大，有些晚了。汉朝班超少年有大志，后来在西域立了大功，封了侯，在外三十多年，回到京城洛阳时已经七十多岁，不久便死了。迟暮，晚年，此指归来已晚。

译文

Purchase the fishponds and immediately plant the willows, faintly resembling the Huai River banks and river mouth. The Vicar’s field sees a fresh rain and the sandbar attracts herons and ospreys. The most enchanting sight is the night moon shining on the sandbars where no one is dancing. Let the verdant canopy spread out like the sky, with soft grass as the ground, and we still cannot leave even after drinking to our hearts’ content.

Under the cover of silk, do not recall the old life in the imperial palace. The scholar’s cap has deceived me. What has been achieved with sword and armor, but a neglected vineyard like that of Sir Shao Ping? Look closely into the mirror and see how much your hair has turned grey. All glory is empty talk. Even if you become an official like Ban Chao and earn a place in the ranks of high-ranking officers thousands of miles away, it might be too late to realize your ambition in life.

赏析

此词为北宋词人「苏门四学士」之一的晁补之代表作，作于晁氏贬谪回乡后居于东山「归去来园」时。上片描绘出一幅冲淡平和，闲适宁静的风景画，下片即景抒情，以议论出之，表现了厌弃官场、激流勇退的情怀。此词一反传统词家所谓「词须宛转绵丽」的常规，慷慨磊落，直抒胸臆，辞气充沛，感情爽豁，词境开阔，颇富豁达，清旷的情趣，与作者的恩师苏东坡在词风上一脉相承，并对辛稼軒的词作产生了重要影响。