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长安孝子贾海诗

天历元二载,西土罹荐饥。 愚时拜中丞,帝曰汝往釐。 嗷嗷三辅间,十室九困疲。 行者总沟瘠,居者恒馁而。 亲戚自鱼肉,遑恤父子离。 鄠县民有贾,竭力奉母慈。 阖门为口四,一妻仍一儿。 操瓢日行丐,有得归母贻。 不幸值虚往,见母颜忸怩。 退省百无有,满屋风凄其。 以汤和糠籺,进母母不怡。 曰我幼汝饲,非珍即甘饴。 而汝今我哺,以我犬豕为。 况我老且病,累汝无几时。 子惧白其妻,无言第头垂。 妻曰携此子,从鬻无问谁。 市呼不见售,复归泣涟洏。 子心救火急,儿命累卵危。 阴携至他所,恩爱从此辞。 解衣缢不殊,反为子禁持。 取盆拔佩刀,手足随纷披。 绐云黄犬炙,雅于补衰宜。 母知口腹美,不悟骨肉亏。 子幸母解颜,不计妻攒眉。 余闻惊此言,怒诘官失治。 使民至如此,赈贷犹迟疑。 即引造行省,使细陈毫厘。 且命出儿肉,阖府遍示之。 饤诸相坐前,余为失声悲。 促掾状其故,闻上星夜驰。 或将复徭役,或将表门楣。 或斥兼金赐,或选好爵縻。 上以劝臣子,下以安期颐。 廷议必不爽,命下会有时。 昔人有埋子,天怜以金遗。 复有货视者,哀鸣走通逵。 亦有弃半途,完侄与相随。 未闻刃所爱,万古犹绝奇。 嗟哉贾生心,世俗彼乌知。 毋以贾为忍,毋以贾为痴。 子失或再有,母失庸可追。 孰能庭桂惜,使我堂萱萎。 惟其持是心,屠子如屠狸。 粤从王政圮,风靡俗亦漓。 子囊钱贯朽,母箧无针锥。 子妾曳绮罗,母裙露肤肌。 不虑亲犹天,以利为根基。 不究身何来,以货为宗枝。 于物尚尔靳,矧乃襁褓私。 嗟哉贾生心,堪为世俗规。 尝闻前哲言,一孝盖万疵。 孝可包众善,孝可动两仪。 孝可神鬼格,孝可贤圣期。 能孝斯能忠,厥心自亲移。 愿彼为人子,终身诵吾词。

译文

这些是古代中文的诗歌或者歌谣,描写了一位非常孝顺的贾生在面对自己老迈生病的母亲所做出的努力。以下为这些诗歌的英文翻译:

In the second year of the Heavenly Calendar, the western land suffered from continuous famine. As an official appointed by the Emperor, I was sent to oversee the situation. I heard the lament in the city of Guanzhong: in every ten households, nine were destitute. The people were walking with bony figures, and those at home were often hungry. Relatives were neglectful, even as families were torn apart. In the county of Hu, there was a man named Jia, who diligently served his aged mother with love. His family consisted of his mother, his wife, and his young child. Every day, he begged for food with a gourd, hoping to bring back something for his mother. Unfortunately, one day he returned empty-handed, unable to meet his mother's expectations. She saw his embarrassment and knew he had nothing to offer. Upon entering their home, she saw that it was filled with cold wind and nothing else. Even offering her some thin soup, Jia's mother refused to eat, saying that the food was like that given to animals. She reminded Jia of how she had nursed him in his childhood, offering only the best and most delicious food. Now, he fed her as if she were an animal, which broke her heart. Moreover, she was old and ill, and wouldn't live for much longer. Jia was afraid and spoke to his wife. They decided to sell their child, no matter who came to buy. But even in the market, they could not find a buyer. Upon returning home, they wept together. Jia was so worried about his mother that he would do anything to save her. He took his child somewhere else secretly and bid farewell to his wife. He tied a rope around his neck and hung it on a tree branch to suffocate his child. However, he was restrained by his wife and could not do it. He then took out a dagger and cut off pieces of flesh from his child's body to show everyone that he was doing this to save his mother from guilt and grief. He then explained everything to the officials at the provincial office and they were moved by his story. They immediately sent it up to the court as a special case. The Emperor might grant leniency on labor service or give honors for such dedication to family duty. Some received monetary rewards while others were given high ranks or titles as tokens of appreciation for their filial piety. This was done both to encourage others to show filial piety and also to comfort those who were aged or in need of care. The court always followed through on its decisions promptly. In the past, there were people who buried their children when they could not care for them due to hardship, but heaven would send treasures to them as compensation. There were also those who sold their children out of desperation and later regretted it deeply when they saw their children suffer in public places or abandoned on the roadside. However, it was unheard of for someone to sacrifice their beloved child as a sacrifice for their mother's love as what Jia did. His heart was truly remarkable despite being considered unusual by society at large. Do not consider Jia as heartless or foolish because love for a lost parent is much greater than any attachment between humans who might be lost again someday soon enough with love lost forever. The most important thing is cherishing love between parents and children; no matter how much money one has or how much one's material possessions are worth; one should never neglect their kinship roots based on filial piety which is the fundamental principle that leads one to be loyal and respectful towards others starting from family ties itself. I hope those who are children today will recite these words throughout their lives as a reminder of what truly matters in life!

赏析

《长安孝子贾海诗》以其深沉的情感和细腻的笔触,描绘了一幅动人心魄的孝道画卷,展现了在饥荒肆虐的年代,一位名叫贾海的普通百姓为了赡养病母,不惜牺牲一切的感人故事。

开篇即点明时局之艰难:“天历元二载,西土罹荐饥。”社会动荡,百姓流离失所,生活困苦。在这样的背景下,诗人以自身经历介入,被帝命前往赈灾,目睹了“嗷嗷三辅间,十室九困疲”的人间惨状。亲情的冷漠在饥饿面前更是暴露无遗,“亲戚自鱼肉,遑恤父子离”,人性的脆弱与自私在灾难面前显露无遗。

然而,在这绝望之中,贾海的形象犹如一束光,照亮了人性的光辉。他虽家境贫寒,却“竭力奉母慈”,每日乞讨所得,皆先奉于母。当家中无米下锅,连糠籺也难以为继时,贾海面临的抉择,是对孝心最严峻的考验。他先是试图隐瞒真相,以汤和糠籺给母亲,却换来母亲的不满与自责。在母亲“以我犬豕为”的责备声中,贾海内心的挣扎与痛苦可想而知。

更令人心碎的是,为了母亲的一餐温饱,贾海与妻子商议卖子,这一决定无疑是锥心之痛。市上无人愿买,归来泪湿衣襟,夫妻二人的无奈与绝望,跃然纸上。最终,贾海做出了最为决绝的选择——割肉饲母,以解母亲饥饿之苦。这一幕,不仅是对母爱的极致回报,更是对人性光辉的深刻诠释。

诗人听闻此事,先是震惊,继而愤怒于官府救灾不力,迅速将此事上报行省,希望借此引起朝廷重视,改善民生。他甚至在朝廷上展示了贾海割下的肉,悲从中来,不可断绝。这一举动,不仅是对贾海孝行的颂扬,更是对当时社会现状的深刻批判。

诗中穿插的历史典故,如“昔人有埋子,天怜以金遗”,进一步强化了孝行的伟大与不可思议,同时也反映了历史上人们在极端困境下的无奈选择。而贾海的举动,无疑超越了这些,成为了一种近乎神话般的存在。

诗人最后以哲言作结,强调“孝可包众善,孝可动两仪”,将孝提升到了道德的最高境界,认为孝是连接天地、沟通神鬼的桥梁,是成就圣贤的基石。他呼吁世人,应以贾海为榜样,终身践行孝道,这不仅是对父母的尊重与爱戴,更是对自身品德的修养与提升。

《长安孝子贾海诗》以其深情厚谊的叙述,不仅讲述了一个感人至深的故事,更深刻地反映了社会现实,弘扬了孝道文化,引导人们反思与自省,其艺术魅力与思想价值,跨越时空,历久弥新。