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喻鸠

东村五亩园,荒秽久不治。 荷锄种豆苗,爱此膏土肥。 森然已甲坼,保之若婴儿。 群鸠竞拂羽,俯啄思无遗。 傍麾虽稍却,投闲复在兹。 一啄不汝惜,再啄苗已稀。 剜我心上肉,充汝肠中饥。 汝饥诚可怜,矰?那忍施。 桑林正沃若,桑椹方垂垂。 椹熟可醉饱,林深无危机。 恩怨从此释,斯园勿重窥。 鸠鸣对心臆,群然亦高飞。

译文

The five-mu plot in Dongcun Village has been荒秽 and unmaintained for a long time. With a hoe in hand, I plant bean seedlings, loving this rich and fertile soil. They sprout vigorously, like the nails splitting through my skin, and I protect them like babies. The doves flutter their feathers, peeping down to the ground without missing a beat. Although they may be driven away by my挥手, they return here in their leisure time. I won't spare even a single bite, but after the second bite, the seedlings become sparse. It's like cutting into my heart, watching you struggle with hunger. Although your hunger is truly pitiful, how can I bear to hurt you? The mulberry forests are thriving, and the silkworm fruit is just ripe. The fruit is ripe enough to be fermented into wine or to be eaten as is, and there is no danger in the deep forest. From now on, let's resolve this恩怨 and never look back at this garden again. As the doves chirp their hearts out, they rise up together in flight.

赏析

《喻鸠》这首诗,以田园为背景,细腻描绘了一幅人与自然界的微妙冲突与和解图景,情感真挚,意境深远。

开篇“东村五亩园,荒秽久不治”,寥寥几笔,便勾勒出一处久被遗忘的田园景象,透露出一种被时光遗忘的荒凉美。随后,“荷锄种豆苗,爱此膏土肥”,诗人亲自下场,以锄为笔,在肥沃的土地上种下希望,那份对土地的深情跃然纸上。豆苗“森然已甲坼”,生机勃勃,诗人呵护如婴儿,这份细腻的情感,让人感受到人与自然的和谐共生。

然而,和谐之中也有不和谐之音。“群鸠竞拂羽,俯啄思无遗”,一群鸠鸟打破了这份宁静,它们竞相啄食豆苗,无所顾忌。诗人虽“傍麾虽稍却”,但鸠鸟们“投闲复在兹”,一而再,再而三地侵扰,豆苗渐稀,诗人的心痛不言而喻——“剜我心上肉,充汝肠中饥”。这里,诗人以“心上肉”比喻豆苗,情感之深切,令人动容。

面对鸠鸟的饥饿,诗人内心充满了矛盾。“汝饥诚可怜,矰弩那忍施”,鸠鸟的饥饿固然令人同情,但豆苗被毁,又让诗人心痛不已,是否该以矰弩相向,成为他内心的挣扎。这种对生命的尊重与对劳动成果的珍惜之间的冲突,展现了诗人复杂而细腻的情感世界。

随后,诗人笔锋一转,提出了一个解决方案:“桑林正沃若,桑椹方垂垂。椹熟可醉饱,林深无危机。”他引导鸠鸟去往另一片生机勃勃的桑林,那里果实累累,且安全无虞。这一提议,既是对鸠鸟的宽容,也是对自己内心冲突的化解,体现了诗人对自然界的深刻理解与和谐共处的愿望。

“恩怨从此释,斯园勿重窥”,诗人与鸠鸟之间的“恩怨”得以释怀,他也希望鸠鸟不要再回到这片豆园,这是对彼此的一种保护,也是对未来和谐共处的期许。最后,“鸠鸣对心臆,群然亦高飞”,鸠鸟似乎理解了诗人的心意,它们鸣叫着,振翅高飞,留下一片宁静与和谐。

整首诗通过人与鸠鸟之间的微妙互动,展现了诗人对自然的深情厚谊,以及对和谐共生理想的追求。诗中没有直接的说教,而是通过生动的画面和细腻的情感,让读者在共鸣中体会到人与自然和谐共处的美好愿景。